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71.
Combined effects of water temperature and daily food availability period on the growth and survival of tench (Tinca tinca) larvae 下载免费PDF全文
A 16‐day experiment was designed to find the best combination of water temperature (27, 30, 33°C) and daily duration of food availability (12, 18, 24 h) for larval tench (Tinca tinca) growth and survival. Larvae with an initial mean size of 5.7 mm total length (TL) and 0.7 mg wet body weight (BW) were stocked at 15 L?1. Larvae were fed in excess with live Artemia nauplii with the period of food availability lasting 12, 18 or 24 h daily. The largest final larval size was recorded at 27 and 30°C in groups fed for 24 h a day (17.7 and 17.9 mm TL, 76.1 and 77.7 mg BW, respectively). The combination of the highest temperature and the longest daily food availability was the only set of conditions under which final larval survival was affected (95.4% survival; 98.7–99.9% under all other conditions). The combination of water temperature of about 28.6°C and continuous food availability is recommended as the optimum combination for rearing T. tinca larvae under controlled conditions. Providing continuous food supply to fish larvae under aquaculture conditions was also advantageous in helping to mitigate the effects of slower growth relative to developmental progress, which can occur at high water temperatures. However, should one wish to limit the daily feeding period to 12 h per day, the use of a water temperature between 27.4 and 27.9°C would be the best solution. 相似文献
72.
为保障西部原油管道乌鄯线安全平稳运行,实现节能降耗输送,分析了乌鄯线和阿独乌线外输哈国油物性、沿线油温、地温数据,进而探讨了乌鄯线冬季运行冷热油交替输送的可行性。研究结果表明:长输原油管道冬季低输量运行,其进站油温差距不大并与地温的变化趋势一致,沿线地温为冬季冷热油交替输送的重要参数;采用冷热油交替输送工艺,哈国油常温输送对北疆油物性影响不大;乌鄯线冬季运行采用冷热油交替输送,节约燃料天然气约51.6%,节能降耗效果明显,说明乌鄯线冬季运行采用冷热油交替输送具有可行性。 相似文献
73.
74.
Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lei YANG ;YunGang CAO ;XiaoHua ZHU ;ShengHe ZENG ;GuoJiang YANG ;JiangYong HE ;XiuChun YANG 《干旱区科学》2014,(6):704-716
Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature (LST) is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval. 相似文献
75.
76.
Investigations into the temporal development of epitheliocystis infections in brown trout: a histological study 下载免费PDF全文
B Vidondo L Vaughan J‐F Rubin H Segner S Samartin H Schmidt‐Posthaus 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(6):811-819
Epitheliocystis in Swiss brown trout (Salmo trutta) is a chlamydial infection, mainly caused by Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis and Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola. To gain a better understanding of the temporal development of infections in wild brown trout, we investigated epitheliocystis infections during the course of the summer and autumn months of a single year (2015), and compared this to sampling points over the span of the years 2012–2014. The survey focused on tributaries (Venoge and Boiron) of the Rhone flowing in to Lake Geneva. When evaluated histologically, epitheliocystis infections were found throughout the period of investigation with the exception of the month of June. Fifty to 86 animals per sampling were investigated. Highest prevalence and infection intensities were seen in September. A correlation between epitheliocystis infection and water temperatures was not evident. Interyear comparison revealed consistent levels of prevalence and infection intensities in late summer. The absence of infections in June, combined with the consistent interyear results, indicates seasonal fluctuation of epitheliocystis infections in brown trout with a reservoir persisting during winter months from which infections can re‐initiate each year. This could either be at levels below detection limits within the brown trout population itself or in an alternative host. 相似文献
77.
Parallelism in thermal growth response in otoliths and scales of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from alpine lakes independent of genetic background 下载免费PDF全文
Low density in natural populations of salmonids has predominantly been managed by stocking of non‐native conspecifics. Due partly to domestication, introduced non‐native fish may be maladapted under natural conditions. Interbreeding between introduced and wild individuals may therefore impair local adaptation and potentially population viability. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from three headwaters (with stocked fish) and three interconnected lakes (with native fish) on the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, southern Norway, were tested for differences in thermal effects on scale and otolith growth. Otolith and scale annuli widths from immature brown trout showed positive correlation with mean annual summer temperature for all six sampled populations. In mature individuals, a similar positive thermal correlation was evident for the otoliths only. Interannuli width measurements from scales indicate a halt in somatic growth for brown trout in this alpine environment when reaching ages between 7 and 9 winters, coinciding with age at maturity. Our study indicates that otolith growth follows summer temperature even when individuals do not respond with somatic growth in these populations and that introduced brown trout and introgressed populations have similar thermal growth responses. Due to the continued otolith growth after stagnation in somatic growth and the impact of fluctuations in summer temperature, the utilisation of otolith annuli widths for back calculation of length at age should be treated with caution. 相似文献
78.
This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample. 相似文献
79.
变温烘焙技术对丹桂乌龙茶香气品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用L_(16)(4~5)正交设计探讨变温烘焙技术对丹桂乌龙茶香气感官品质及香气成分的影响。结果表明,处理13(A_4B_1C_4D_2E_3)丹桂乌龙茶香气品质最佳,变温烘焙较佳参数为120℃、20 min,90℃、130 min,120℃、30 min。烘焙后,丹桂乌龙茶中的醇类、醛类、碳氢化合物、含氮化合物含量相对较高;共检出香气成分64种,主要为反-橙花叔醇、α-合金欢烯、苯乙醛、吲哚、苯乙醇、2-甲基丁酸-2-苯乙酯、苯乙腈、二氢芳樟醇、苯甲醇、芳樟醇、苯乙烯等,约占香气总量的90%。极差分析表明,香气品质影响因子的主次顺序为:烘焙Ⅲ阶段温度、Ⅲ阶段时间Ⅰ阶段温度、Ⅰ阶段时间Ⅱ阶段温度,即3个烘焙阶段的影响顺序为ⅢⅠⅡ,该研究结果为深入研究丹桂乌龙茶的烘焙技术提供了理论依据与参考。 相似文献
80.
为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。 相似文献